The China Mail - Hermit 'scribblings' of eccentric French maths genius unveiled

USD -
AED 3.672497
AFN 66.272138
ALL 83.49892
AMD 382.462203
ANG 1.789982
AOA 917.000288
ARS 1416.932599
AUD 1.53055
AWG 1.805
AZN 1.696305
BAM 1.689676
BBD 2.011145
BDT 121.87473
BGN 1.691806
BHD 0.377017
BIF 2940.647948
BMD 1
BND 1.300389
BOB 6.909719
BRL 5.313502
BSD 0.998531
BTN 88.502808
BWP 13.406479
BYN 3.40311
BYR 19600
BZD 2.008207
CAD 1.40157
CDF 2149.999813
CHF 0.805835
CLF 0.024022
CLP 942.419911
CNY 7.11935
CNH 7.12234
COP 3781.99
CRC 501.339093
CUC 1
CUP 26.5
CVE 95.261339
CZK 21.00025
DJF 177.814255
DKK 6.45682
DOP 64.155508
DZD 130.492957
EGP 47.291497
ERN 15
ETB 154.143499
EUR 0.86469
FJD 2.279008
FKP 0.760102
GBP 0.75881
GEL 2.705066
GGP 0.760102
GHS 10.919222
GIP 0.760102
GMD 73.000146
GNF 8667.818575
GTQ 7.651836
GYD 208.907127
HKD 7.773355
HNL 26.25486
HRK 6.516102
HTG 132.907127
HUF 331.353048
IDR 16697
ILS 3.23139
IMP 0.760102
INR 88.70755
IQD 1308.077754
IRR 42099.999826
ISK 126.419967
JEP 0.760102
JMD 160.267819
JOD 0.709013
JPY 154.140507
KES 129.149901
KGS 87.449977
KHR 4019.006479
KMF 421.000313
KPW 900.001961
KRW 1455.444968
KWD 0.307102
KYD 0.832138
KZT 524.198704
LAK 21680.345572
LBP 89418.488121
LKR 304.354212
LRD 182.332613
LSL 17.296674
LTL 2.95274
LVL 0.60489
LYD 5.452268
MAD 9.256069
MDL 17.024622
MGA 4488.12095
MKD 53.252953
MMK 2099.688142
MNT 3580.599313
MOP 7.998963
MRU 39.553348
MUR 45.859659
MVR 15.404973
MWK 1731.490281
MXN 18.383135
MYR 4.159766
MZN 63.950123
NAD 17.296674
NGN 1436.283762
NIO 36.742981
NOK 10.105245
NPR 141.60432
NZD 1.772905
OMR 0.384508
PAB 0.998618
PEN 3.369762
PGK 4.215983
PHP 58.931501
PKR 282.349719
PLN 3.660034
PYG 7065.226782
QAR 3.639309
RON 4.397297
RSD 101.385969
RUB 81.083079
RWF 1450.885529
SAR 3.750366
SBD 8.230592
SCR 13.883651
SDG 600.452639
SEK 9.50598
SGD 1.302885
SHP 0.750259
SLE 23.202165
SLL 20969.499529
SOS 570.62635
SRD 38.598958
STD 20697.981008
STN 21.166307
SVC 8.736933
SYP 11056.839565
SZL 17.302808
THB 32.34202
TJS 9.216415
TMT 3.51
TND 2.95162
TOP 2.342104
TRY 42.230897
TTD 6.768898
TWD 30.992299
TZS 2455.707028
UAH 41.870929
UGX 3494.600432
UYU 39.766739
UZS 12042.332613
VES 228.194033
VND 26300
VUV 122.518583
WST 2.820889
XAF 566.701512
XAG 0.019985
XAU 0.000245
XCD 2.70255
XCG 1.799568
XDR 0.704795
XOF 566.701512
XPF 103.032397
YER 238.497023
ZAR 17.188796
ZMK 9001.20124
ZMW 22.591793
ZWL 321.999592
  • SCS

    0.0100

    15.76

    +0.06%

  • BCE

    -0.1750

    23.015

    -0.76%

  • NGG

    -0.5750

    77.175

    -0.75%

  • CMSD

    0.0900

    24.1

    +0.37%

  • JRI

    0.0600

    13.73

    +0.44%

  • BCC

    -0.3250

    70.385

    -0.46%

  • CMSC

    0.0700

    23.85

    +0.29%

  • RYCEF

    0.0200

    14.82

    +0.13%

  • RBGPF

    0.0000

    76

    0%

  • GSK

    0.0250

    46.66

    +0.05%

  • RELX

    -0.5400

    41.72

    -1.29%

  • RIO

    0.4350

    69.77

    +0.62%

  • BP

    -0.2550

    36.335

    -0.7%

  • BTI

    -0.0050

    54.59

    -0.01%

  • VOD

    -0.0450

    11.535

    -0.39%

  • AZN

    1.8800

    86.46

    +2.17%

Hermit 'scribblings' of eccentric French maths genius unveiled
Hermit 'scribblings' of eccentric French maths genius unveiled / Photo: © IHES/AFP/File

Hermit 'scribblings' of eccentric French maths genius unveiled

Tens of thousands of handwritten pages by one of the 20th century's greatest mathematicians, Alexander Grothendieck, many of which the eccentric genius penned while living as a hermit, were unveiled in France on Friday.

Text size:

The unpublished manuscripts, which veer from maths to metaphysics, autobiography and even long musings on Satan, offer a unique insight into the enigmatic mind of the French mathematician, according to experts at the Paris library where they were donated.

Grothendieck, who died aged 86 in 2014, is considered by some to have revolutionised the field of mathematics in the way that Einstein did for physics.

His work on algebraic geometry earned him the 1966 Fields Medal, known as the Nobel prize of the maths world.

At that time Grothendieck was already a radical environmentalist and pacifist. But he withdrew from the world almost entirely in the early 1990s, in part to focus on what he referred to as his "scribblings".

While living as a hermit in the southern French village of Lasserre he frantically wrote "Reflections on Life and the Cosmos," one of the two main works added to the collection of the National Library of France (BnF) on Friday.

The massive tome includes 30,000 pages across 41 different volumes covering science, philosophy and psychology -- all densely scribbled with a fountain pen.

The second work, "The Key to Dreams or Dialogue with the Good Lord," is a typed manuscript in which he explores the interpretation of dreams.

These pages, which have previously circulated online, were written between 1987-1988.

- 'Completely cut ties' -

At that time, Grothendieck remained a professor at the University of Montpellier but had largely withdrawn from the mathematical community.

He became a recluse when he moved to Lasserre.

"He completely cut ties with his family, we could no longer communicate with him," his daughter Johanna Grothendieck told AFP.

"When we sent him a letter, it was returned to sender," said Johanna, a 64-year-old ceramic artist who travelled from southwest France to attend the ceremony at the library.

"Writing was his main activity," she added.

Towards the end of Grothendieck's life, a neighbour told his family that his health was deteriorating.

Johanna and one of her brothers were finally able to visit their father. It was than that they discovered "Reflections on Life and the Cosmos," which was meticulously catalogued in his library.

In his 1997 will, Grothendieck left the early sections of the tome to the BnF. Now his children have donated the rest.

"It was an extremely important work in his eyes. He even wanted to create a foundation to look after it," Johanna Grothendieck said.

- 'Ghosts of his past' -

Jocelyn Monchamp, a curator an the BnF, said the manuscripts were unique because they covered so many subjects at the same time yet formed a whole with "undeniable literary qualities".

This is particularly the case for the autobiographical volume "Harvest and Sowing", which depicts the author "in a metaphysical retreat," she said.

Monchamp has spent a month poring over the writing, trying to decipher the dense fountain pen text.

"I became used to it," she said, adding that at least Grothendieck methodically wrote the numbers and dates on all the pages.

In one of the sections, "Structures of the Psyche," enigmatic diagrams translate psychology into the language of algebra.

In another, "The Problem of Evil," Grothendieck muses over 15,000 pages on metaphysics and Satan.

One gets the feeling of a man "overtaken by the ghosts of his past," Johanna Grothendieck said.

The mathematician's father fled Germany during World War II, only to be handed by the Vichy France government to the Nazis and die at the Auschwitz concentration camp.

Experts expect it will take some time to fully understand Grothendieck's writing.

On Friday, the collection joined the manuscript department of the BnF, where it will only be accessible to researchers.

During the donation ceremony, one of the volumes was placed in a glass case next to a manuscript by ancient Greek mathematician Euclid, considered the father of geometry.

N.Wan--ThChM