The China Mail - TSMC to launch chipmaking plant in Japan, but US plant to face delays

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company -- which counts Apple and Nvidia as clients -- controls more than half the world's output of silicon wafers, used in everything from smartphones to cars and missiles.

In recent years, the company has had to navigate geopolitical tussles between the United States and China as the two face off over technology import restrictions, trade and Taiwan -- the primary manufacturing base for TSMC.

On Thursday, during an investors' call over fourth-quarter earnings, Chairman Mark Liu announced the official date of the long-awaited Japan foundry's opening ceremony would be February 24.

"In Japan, we are building a special technology fab(rication plant) in Kumamoto which will utilise 12- and 16-nanometre and 28- and 22-nanometre process technology," Liu said.

"We will hold an opening ceremony for this fab on February 24 next month and volume production is on track for fourth quarter of 2024."

He added that TSMC's expansion overseas is "based on our customers' needs and a necessary level of government subsidies for support".

"In today's fractured globalisation environment, our strategy is to expand our global manufacturing footprint to increase our customers' trust, expand our future growth potential, and reach for more global talents," Liu said.

Japan's government said last year it plans to spend $13 billion to boost domestic production of strategically important semiconductors and generative AI technology.

Part of that spending would be to support the construction of a second TSMC plant in Kumamoto, a Japanese trade ministry official had said in November.

But Liu said Thursday the second plant is still in the "serious evaluation stage".

"We are still discussing with the Japanese government, they are very cooperative," he said. "Nothing is definitive."

- Delays in US -

Liu also said its fabrication facility in the US state of Arizona is "on track for volume production of N4 -- or 4-nanometre -- technology in the first half of 2025".

However, in a second session with media -- in which TSMC barred audio recording by journalists -- Chief Financial Officer Wendell Huang said the completion of its second foundry in Arizona will be delayed until "2027 or 2028".

This is a setback for the US administration of President Joe Biden, who had wooed TSMC to build its precious chipmaking factories on American soil in a bid to, in theory, lessen US reliance on foreign-located factories.

But the Arizona plants -- one of the largest foreign investments in the United States -- have run into issues, which TSMC attributed to a shortage of skilled workers.

It had also incited the ire of Arizona's unions with those comments.

Liu said TSMC is now working closely to "develop strong relationships with our local union and trade partners in Arizona", signing an agreement on training, hiring local workers, and establishing regular communications.

A planned fabrication facility in Germany -- the first in Europe -- "is scheduled to begin (construction) in Q4 (the fourth quarter) this year", he said.

The company also reported a 19.3 percent drop in net profits in the October-December period to Tw$238.7 billion ($7.6 billion), while its revenues were "essentially flat".

CEO C.C. Wei said that while 2023 was a "challenging year" for the global semiconductor industry, the rising demand for generative AI technology also means "we expect 2024 to be a healthy growth year for TSMC".

The chip industry has seen sluggish performance, which companies attribute to high inflation and slowing global economic growth caused in part by geopolitical tensions.

TSMC had sought to quell investor fears in the past by pointing to the increasing demand for AI-related products, like ChatGPT, which needs high-performing silicon wafers to function.

N.Wan--ThChM